From Far-Right Symbol to Resistance Symbol: The Remarkable Transformation of the Amphibian

The protest movement won't be broadcast, yet it might possess webbed feet and protruding eyes.

Furthermore, it may involve a unicorn's horn or a chicken's feathers.

As protests opposing the administration persist in American cities, protesters are utilizing the spirit of a local block party. They have taught salsa lessons, given away snacks, and ridden unicycles, while police watch.

Combining levity and politics – a strategy researchers call "tactical frivolity" – is not new. However, it has emerged as a hallmark of American protest in recent years, used by various groups.

One particular emblem has proven to be notably significant – the frog. It began after recordings of an encounter between a protester in an amphibian costume and federal officers in the city of Portland, became an internet sensation. And it has since spread to protests throughout the United States.

"There is much going on with that small inflatable frog," says an expert, a professor at University of California, Davis and a Guggenheim Fellow who specialises in performance art.

The Path From Pepe to the Streets of Portland

It's challenging to examine demonstrations and amphibians without addressing Pepe, an illustrated figure adopted by extremist movements during an election cycle.

Initially, when the character gained popularity online, it was used to convey certain emotions. Subsequently, its use evolved to express backing for a candidate, including a particular image shared by the candidate personally, portraying the frog with recognizable attire and hairstyle.

The frog was also portrayed in digital spaces in darker contexts, portrayed as a historical dictator. Participants exchanged "unique frog images" and set up cryptocurrency using its likeness. Its famous line, "that feels good", was used a coded signal.

However the character did not originate so controversial.

The artist behind it, artist Matt Furie, has expressed about his distaste for how the image has been used. Pepe was supposed to be simply an apolitical figure in this artist's universe.

This character debuted in a series of comics in the mid-2000s – apolitical and famous for a particular bathroom habit. A film, which documents Mr Furie's efforts to reclaim ownership of his work, he said the character came from his experiences with companions.

When he began, the artist tried uploading his work to early internet platforms, where people online began to copy, alter, and reinterpret his character. As its popularity grew into darker parts of online spaces, the creator sought to reject his creation, including ending its life in a comic strip.

But Pepe lived on.

"It proves the lack of control over icons," says the professor. "They can change and shift and be repurposed."

Previously, the association of this meme resulted in amphibian imagery were largely associated with conservative politics. This shifted on a day in October, when an incident between an activist dressed in an inflatable frog costume and an immigration officer in Portland captured global attention.

The event came just days after a decision to send the National Guard to Portland, which was called "war-ravaged". Activists began to congregate outside a facility, just outside of an ICE office.

Tensions were high and an immigration officer used irritant at the individual, aiming directly into the ventilation of the puffy frog costume.

Seth Todd, Seth Todd, reacted humorously, remarking he had tasted "something milder". Yet the footage became a sensation.

The costume fit right in for Portland, renowned for its eccentric vibe and left-wing protests that embrace the unusual – outdoor exercise, retro fitness classes, and unique parades. A local saying is "Embrace the Strange."

The frog became part of in subsequent court proceedings between the administration and Portland, which argued the use of troops overstepped authority.

Although a judge decided in October that the president had the right to deploy troops, one judge dissented, mentioning the protesters' "well-known penchant for donning inflatable costumes while voicing dissent."

"Some might view this decision, which accepts the description of Portland as a battlefield, as simply ridiculous," Judge Susan Graber wrote. "However, this ruling has serious implications."

The deployment was halted by courts just a month later, and troops are said to have left the area.

However, by that time, the frog had become a potent symbol of resistance for the left.

This symbol appeared across the country at anti-authoritarian protests last autumn. There were frogs – and unicorns and axolotls and dinosaurs – in San Diego and Atlanta and Boston. They were in rural communities and global metropolises like Tokyo and London.

The frog costume was backordered on major websites, and became more expensive.

Controlling the Optics

The link between the two amphibian symbols – lies in the dynamic between the humorous, benign cartoon and a deeper political meaning. Experts call this "tactical frivolity."

This approach is based on what Mr Bogad calls the "irresistible image" – frequently absurd, it acts as a "disarming and charming" performance that highlights a message without needing obviously explaining them. This is the unusual prop you wear, or the meme circulated.

The professor is both an expert in the subject and a veteran practitioner. He authored a text called 'Tactical Performance', and led seminars around the world.

"You could go back to the Middle Ages – when people are dominated, they use absurdity to express dissent a little bit and while maintaining a layer of protection."

The idea of such tactics is multi-faceted, he says.

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Matthew Mcguire
Matthew Mcguire

A seasoned software engineer with a passion for open-source projects and tech education.